South Asia's Other Himalayan Flashpoints: Disputes Beyond Kashmir in Pakistan

Beyond the well-known Kashmir conflict, South Asia hosts several other territorial disputes involving India and the Himalayas, each with a different claimant than Pakistan. These flashpoints often remain below the headlines until tensions escalate, and two have already seen gunfire in recent years. the Muslim-majority region over which India and Pakistan have fought three wars—dominates public attention, it is not the region's only contentious border issue.

The disputes are ranked here from least to most likely to trigger an armed conflict. The first involves an Indian Army outpost in remote Arunachal Pradesh, a state in northeastern India. The specific claimants and details of each dispute are outlined in the original analysis, which notes that shots have been fired in two of these cases in recent years, raising the risk of renewed hostilities.