The United States Has Spent Months Trying to Forge an International Naval Coalition to Escort Vessels Through the Embattled Strait of Hormuz

The UK and France are not seeking confrontation with Iran in the US-Israeli war Europe largely rejected, say analysts. The UK and France are not seeking confrontation with Iran in the US-Israeli war largely rejected by Europe, say analysts. The United States has spent months trying to forge an international naval coalition to escort vessels through the embattled Strait of Hormuz.

But Washington’s European allies, including the United Kingdom and France, who previously agreed to head such a mission in the event of a sustainable truce, appear reluctant to move forward, even as ongoing disruption in the vital waterway strains the global economy. Analysts say the stalled coalition effort reflects deep caution among European governments about becoming entangled in an unpredictable conflict they neither initiated nor supported, particularly without clear backing from Gulf partners. “Neither UK nor France has much appetite for being drawn into a confrontation with Iran on behalf of others, particularly if there is no clear regional demand for it, HA Hellyer, a senior fellow at the Royal United Services Institute and Center for American Progress, told Al Jazeera.

The US first raised the idea of an international maritime coalition to secure shipping in the waterway in March, as President Donald Trump called on allies, as well as China, to send warships as part of the effort. Most countries initially declined or were noncommittal, though the UK and France left the door open to participating. US officials continued to promote the idea of a maritime coalition as its war against Iran dragged on, as Trump lambasted US allies for what he deemed insufficient support for Washington in the conflict.

In mid-April, then-British Prime Minister Keir Starmer announced plans for the UK and France to lead an international mission to secure shipping in the strait, stressing it would be “strictly peaceful and defensive”. The following month, the UK Ministry of Defence promised to send drones, fighter jets and a warship as part of the mission, which it said had the support of dozens of other countries and would kick off “when conditions allow”. But months later, the effort appears to be stalled, despite British Defence Secretary Wes Streeting saying his country is “absolutely aligned” with the US on “securing maritime freedom and free commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz”.

A European diplomatic source told Al Jazeera that following a France-UK initiative for a multinational mission for the “freedom of navigation” in the Strait of Hormuz, a new meeting gathering more than 30 states “at a technical level” took place on Thursday. A UK Defence Ministry spokesperson told Al Jazeera that Streeting expects further talks on “planning and coordination for a future multinational mission”. “Operational activity remains contingent on conditions on the ground and a durable political agreement, they said, adding that the UK remains “committed” to securing commercial shipping across the Gulf region.

Hellyer said the Hormuz naval coalition has been delayed because the politics have never matched the rhetoric”. The UK and France may support freedom of navigation in principle, but they are highly unlikely to lead an operation that key Gulf partners do not actively support, he said. Neither country wants to be seen as imposing a security architecture that regional governments regard as unnecessarily escalatory, he said.

Amjed Rasheed, lecturer in defence studies at King’s College London, said any European involvement would likely be limited, conditional and purely defensive. Already dealing with a closer security threat on its eastern front with Russia, Europe wants de-escalation and stability” in the Gulf, Rasheed told Al Jazeera. The decision to attack Iran was made in Washington and Tel Aviv, Rasheed added.